The U.S. Legal System

Emerging Adulthood A Literature Review - 3335 Words

Understanding Substance Use in Emerging Adulthood: A Literature Review Emerging adulthood is defined as a development stage of life, starting approximately at age 18, or the end of high school, and spanning until 25, when adult roles are â€Å"officially† adopted (White et al., 2006). Emerging adulthood is a relatively new stage of development, which was developed by Jeffrey Arnett in 2000. Arnett explained that there are â€Å"gap years† where youths begin to identify new roles in life, which separate them from family, in order to create their own families. Furthermore, emerging adulthood was proposed to emphasize the transition between adolescent and adulthood because the transition is long enough to be considered a stage of development (Arnett, 2007). According to Arnett (2005) there are five main features of emerging adulthood: (1) Identity exploration, which is defined as the process in which individuals re-identify themselves as adults. For this to occur , individuals must gradually remove themselves from adolescent roles, family dependence, and previous social dynamics, and explore these aspects in the adult world. (2) Instability, in which emerging adulthood is considered to be the most â€Å"crucial† transition in life, resulting individuals to be the most vulnerable. This vulnerability is due to the suspension of friend and family support. Due to this suspension, individuals have a strong desire to attach themselves to new support that they perceive as foundationalShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Platonic And Romantic Relationships1477 Words   |  6 Pages The transition from childhood to emerging adulthood consists of a unique and distinctive period in an individual’s life regarding their network of platonic and romantic relationships. Extra-familial relationships become more central in an individual’s social world; thus, an individual’s capacity for intimate relationships begins to develop with both friends and romantic partners (Allen Land, 1999). Simultaneously, a romantic partner quickly becomes the focus in one’s relationship hierarchy (CollinsRead MoreThe Social Learning And Behavioral Theory1617 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Justice system in the United States can stop this rise of offenses in adolescence into early adulthood. Through looking at the literature reviews below a few points can be picked out of them. The first literature review show how much early experiences in childhood can affect their behavioral outcomes. The second goes to show the repeating of crimes committed during late adolescent into early adulthood and how their individual crimes have certain trajectories. The last focuses on a specific groupRead MoreImportance of Transition into the Adult World in Adolescent Foster Care995 Words   |  4 Pagesfunctioning. Therefore, systematic approaches to providing social support and advocacy are necessary. Review of Literature: Solutions Attempted to Date Collins, Spencer Ward (n.d.) found that multiple support systems and multiple sources of support are best, as they provide a range of means by which the adolescent or young adult can make the transition and navigate the tricky waters of adulthood. Mentoring is particularly effective, and has been shown to meet these youths critical needs for continuousRead MoreEffects Of Depression On Adolescents And Adolescents1687 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor influence as to why one is not excelling in activities that they once loved. Depression is an illness where the feelings of depression persist and intervene with the child or adolescent’s functional ability (AACAP 2008, www.aacap.org). Literature Review There are sufficient amounts of research that shows the effects that depression has on adolescents. With one in five children experiencing depression, it is critical for parents/caregivers/educators to understand the effects that it has on theRead MoreThe And Tenets Of Life Course Criminology1587 Words   |  7 Pagesfact the progeny of a much older field of study: sociology. On review of key literature, life-course theory can be traced to its influences from the groundbreaking sociological work of Thomas and Znaniecki (1918) who published a series of studies on Polish peasant families immigrating to larger cities in Europe and the United States in the early 20th century. It has since been regarded as a classical piece of sociological literature for its empirical methods, inspiring even the Chicago School inRead MoreAre Children Less Fit Today Compared to Previous Decades?1502 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerns for children because it tracks into adulthood; therefore, physical activity and fitness are the key preventive measures (Baranowski et al., 1992). The importance of physical activity and fitness are associated with multiple health and wellness benefits in children (Downs, 2005; Tremblay et al., 2010). Children’s physical fitness levels have declined significantly compared to the past decades (Larouche, 2011). This paper reviews the literature on the present level of physical fitness in childrenRead MoreRomantic Relationships and Self-Esteem501 Words   |  2 Pagesdismissing-avoidant or avoidant. There was a significant positive correlation between self-esteem and intimacy in support of the previous literature that found relationship maintenance behaviors, in this case measured as intimacy, lead to an increased individual well-being (Braithwaite et al., 2010). The results of the present study also support the previous literature in the sense that attachment style hosts an impact on self-esteem and intimacy and that the dismissing-avoidant attachme nt style in particularRead MoreThe Clinical High Risk ( Chr ) Essay2026 Words   |  9 Pagespsychological, physical, emotional or sexual abuse occurring before the age of 17 years old (Bernstein et al., 2003; Kraan et al., 2015). While a wealth of data has demonstrated indirect associations between childhood trauma (CT) and psychosis in adulthood (cite reviews), prospective longitudinal studies of individuals with the CHR syndrome provide a unique opportunity to examine potential risk factors, resilience factors and underlying mechanisms that may link psychosis and CT. This population providesRead MoreEpistemological And Psychological Views Of Divorce1835 Words   |  8 Pagesempirical investigation which has assessed that divorce will not guarantee true satisfaction or contentment. Through the testimonies of many, their experience has led to a revelation of truth in their lives, and the true meaning of marriage. Literature Review of Epistemology and Divorce The study of Epistemology is evaluating how we know what we know. We know that divorce is a common issue, acceptable by society and administered by the law. Epistemology would show us that divorce also effects ourRead MoreThe Influence Of Gender Roles1404 Words   |  6 Pagesrole stereotype. From having an absent father to having parents argue about money or their children, could have effect on how children see their own or the opposite gender. This paper will review the current literature on how the gender role stereotypes effect people. Keywords: gender stereotypes, emerging adulthood, role congruency, backlash effects The Influence of Gender Role Stereotyping Gender role stereotyping has been shown to reduce performance of men. However, when women are put

Psychology and Teaching Assistant free essay sample

1.1 Describe the duties and responsibilities of own work role. The teaching assistant role includes working under the guidance of the teacher, supporting teaching and learning in the school nursery through group activities. I am able to devise learning activity plans also and also spontaneous learning activities which occur through play and other immediate learning activities. The learning assistant role also includes administration, wall displays, food preparation, leading activities with smaller and larger groups, and also individual work. Listening and talking with the children and offering support in social and emotional development as well as curriculum activity development. It is necessary to promote positive behaviours and deal with any negative behaviour in a professional manner. It is also necessary to promote equal opportunities, diversity and inclusion. It is necessary to build professional relationships with the children and also with other work colleagues. Assessment on a formative or summative basis is also part of the role. The teaching assistant role also includes effective safeguarding, and health and safety of the children and also the learning environment all contributes to a happy place, that is a safe and healthy place to learn within. 1.2 Explain expectations about own work role as expressed in relevant standards. There is a list of standards for school support staff depending on the role. The National Occupational Standards for Teaching Assistants offers guidance of competent performance. Some schools ask teaching assistants to complete the National Association of Professional Teaching Assistants. There are also local and national guidelines for codes of practice. 2.1 Explain the importance of reflective practice in continuously improving the quality of service provided. Reflective practice is actually reflective learning and then putting this learning into future practice. It is essential to reflect over activities and other things that have happened and work out if they worked out well, or did not work out well. Why? And what can be improved. It is a continual thinking process to strive for improvements. It is important to self-assess and assess situations by reflecting on them and then putting ideas/plans forward to progress from that event. It is good to  be able to discuss thoughts and ideas with colleagues to then identify areas of strengths and those that need further development. Reflective practice includes reflecting on own role when supporting children learning. It also includes managing children’s behaviour and planning and assessing and also feedback. Reflective practice also includes working with colleagues and other adults and professional development. 2.3 Describe how own values, belief systems and experiences may affect working practice. If the teaching assistant is a religious person, then there may be personal conflict with been expected to take part or support learners in other religions activities. If the teaching assistant has no religion, then it is likely to be easi er to support learning activities and personally be rather passive about the belief part of the religion, and just concentrate on the knowledge part of the religion. Own beliefs, and values and experiences shape the way a person is and so facing and taking part in activities about other beliefs, values and experiences can enhance learning and understanding depending on how flexible in thought and attitude the individual actually is. A person who is less flexible in thought and attitude may find that the taking part in activities of other beliefs, values and experiences can be a very challenging experience. 3.1 Evaluate own knowledge, performance and understanding against relevant standards. It is essential to reflect on learning activities that you have taken part in with the children and then compare with the national occupation of standards to see if you meet what is required. By working through and addressing areas of performance a person can begin to improve their practice. There are 69 units of the National Occupational Standards. These describe the skills and knowledge that teaching assistants need to do their job effectively. Teaching assistants and other support staff roles do not need to cover all 69, they just need to cover the ones which relate to their work environment. (see table attached regarding the relevant standards and my evaluation of own performance and understanding) 3.2 Explain how you would demonstrate use of feedback to evaluate own performance and inform development. Consider the feedback fully and then reflect on own performance to see if you can accommodate the feedback to make effective improvements to own performance to then be able to put this into further practice. Constructive feedback is best to work from and can aid professional development as well as additional training  opportunities. The assessment forms from tutor observed sessions in the workplace can highlight strengths and also areas that need some improvement. 4.1 Identify sources of support for planning and reviewing own development. Sources of support can come from other work colleagues, teaching assistants and teaching staff and also tutors if on further college courses. The planning and reviewing cycle is not unlike that of the planning and assessment cycle which a teaching assistant is part of in the working environment. There are also online materials and also books which can be used to aid learning in order to develop planning and reviewing abilities. The school system for employees would be to use formal and informal support and appraisal meetings with senior management. College staff for those on college courses can also be part of this support system. Inset/training days for staff are a way of gaining support for planning as information is pooled and new ideas and methods are put into operation. Da ta may be logged in a milestones format for reflection and further development. 4.2 Explain how you would demonstrate how to work with others to review and prioritise own learning needs, professional interests and development opportunities. The school appraisal system for employees is a way of assisting staff to consider their own professional performance on a frequent basis. This process needs to be a positive and non-threatening one to be at its most effective. A line manager may do this process for a general teaching assistant, whereas the schools SENCO is likely to do this for a teaching assistant with one to one supportive roles for a child or children with SEN. 4.3 Explain how you would demonstrate how to work with others to agree own personal development plan. A personal development plan is a plan to improve professional practice. The appraisal system and other formal and also informal feedback on a person’s professional development all contribute along with own reflective assessments of actual working experience. There will be opportunity for training in the working environment and also external training events which can be added into the personal development plan. The initial in employment training is the induction course for teaching assistants and also opportunities for other training to take place. These will cover areas such as behaviour management, SEN, and also supporting numeracy and literacy, and learning intervention schemes such as extra literacy and extra numeracy support training to be able to implement  these programmes effectively with children who need extra support. 5.1 Evaluate how learning activities have affected practice. Practice has been affected by learning activities with extended experience. Using the learning from these experiences it has helped to shape and develop abilities and new experiences have provided opportunity to try out and reflect upon. Observing and working with other colleagues have affected practice in offering ideas previously not thought of, to use and develop into own professional practice. All learning activities have provided opportunity for reflection and then personal development with copying and continuing good practice throughout. Just as the children learn from direct experience and from each other and build/scaffold on these experiences, teaching assistants also follow the same process. 5.2 Explain how reflective practice has led to improved ways of working. Reflective practice is the key to effective learning. Reflective learning is a powerful tool and can be gained from self-reflection and including feedback from others to reflect upon. It is personal assessment and this can be used to find out what went well and what needs working on. Work colleagues and training can also aid learning as we learn from each other. Observation of other more experienced staff such as other teaching assistants and the teachers can offer food for thought, and then the person can try out these newly observed methods observed to improve ways of working with learners across the school years. Reflection on good practice has led to personal development in this role by developing new ideas based on the good practice already experienced. 5.3 Show how to record progress in relation to personal development (see enclosed CV) It is a good idea to have an achievements file where all the qualifications and other awards and certificates are all placed into the file, in groups and date order. A detailed CV can also include the most essential qualifications as well as other personal information and employment and voluntary experienced logged in chronological order. I update my CV frequently and also adapt it per type of job role that I am applying for and update my achievements file and keep in in good order.

Jonestown The Life and Death of Peoples Temple

The tragedy of People’s Temple is one of the events that highlighted the danger of many destructive cults. This mass suicide took the lives of 918 people who voluntarily joined the religious movement. This paper is aimed at discussing social, cultural, and religious environment which emerged during that period. In particular, it is critical to show why many people were willing to join the organization established by Jim Jones.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples’ Temple specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, one should explain how this individual was able to convince hundreds of people to commit suicide. Furthermore, Peoples’ Temple should be compared to other religious trends that existed in the seventies. On the whole, it is possible to argue that Jim Jones was willing and able to appeal to people who represented diverse racial, ethnic, and religious backgrounds. They believed that he could offer them consolations and address their problems that they had encountered. This is the main argument that can be put forward. At first, one should mention why so many people were willing to follow Jim Jones. It should be mentioned that in the early seventies, many American people were becoming disappointed with the society. In particular, they believed that the social reforms, which began to be implemented in the sixties, came to a halt. In this case, one should focus on African-American Civil Rights Movement. Apart from that, the war in Vietnam led to the discontent of many young people who did not want to sacrifice their lives for the ideals that they could not understand. In the early seventies, there were many anti-government demonstrations that were supported by people who represented different age groups. In their opinion, the government did not want to bring any improvements into the lives of people. These issues are important for understanding the motives that drove the members of Peoples’ Temple. Their frustration often prompted them to look for religious answers to their problems while Jim Jones made use of this opportunity. For instance, African Americans had to struggle with racism and discrimination, while Jim Jones often emphasized the idea that he could accept people with diverse racial or ethnic backgrounds. This attitude prompted many people to become the members of Peoples’ Temple. Secondly, he was able to attract people who faced economic difficulties. To a great extent, he promised them a chance to live in a community in which there would be no inequalities. This is why Jim Jones often supported socialist ideology and gave charity to poor people. In his rhetoric, he laid stress on the notion that by joining this community, people would be able to create a just community. This is why many of the members decided to settle in Jonestown which was a small colony built in Guyana. Neverthe less, the leader of this cult did not explain how exactly this new settlement could exist independently of different governments or societies. This is one of the details that can be identified.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the main tasks is to explain how Jim Jones convinced so many people to take their own lives. This outcome can be regarded as the result of long-term term. First of all, the leader of this cult often emphasized the notion that he had not been a conventional preacher. Instead, he wanted to be perceived a god-like person who could perform miracles. This is why he staged the alleged healings of people who had been ill for a long time. Certainly, Jim Jones did not heal anyone, but these theatrical performances appealed to many people who believed in Jim Jones’ supernatural power. Moreover, he created a cult in which every form of critical thinking was supp ressed. Any disagreement with Jim Jones was either dismissed or disregarded. Even before 1978, he tested the devotion of his followers and some of them were ready to commit suicide for him. Furthermore, every individual, who intended to leave People’s Temple, was treated like a traitor who did not reach high moral standards set in this cult. After the murder of Congressman Leo Ryan, Jim Jones said that their community would be destroyed by the government. Moreover, he frequently stressed the idea that the death would preferable to the life outside Peoples’ Temple. Some of his supporters did not want to commit suicide, but their objections were dismissed. Yet, one should not suppose that every member of this cult committed suicide voluntarily. Some survivors report that Jim Jones relied on coercion. For instance, some of his guards had guns and they could force other people to take poison. Apart from that, some people intended to leave Jonestown, but they were not allow ed to do it. Thus, this event can also be described as a mass murder. It should be kept in mind that, more than two hundred children were poisoned, and their deaths cannot be described as suicide. Overall, one can say that this tragedy can be viewed as the result of manipulation and coercion. This is one of the points that can be made. To some degree, Peoples’ Temple is only a part of the religious and cultural trend that existed during that period. There were many cults which denied mainstream religions such as Christianity. Instead, the supporters of these cults paid more attention to Asian beliefs or religions such as Zen Buddhism. These movements were a part of the counterculture which existed in the seventies. Yet, unlike People’s Temple, these cults were not autocratic. The leaders of these religious organizations did not require complete devotion of their followers. This is one of the distinctions that can be singled out. Yet, Peoples’ Temple is not the o nly authoritarian cult which emerged in the seventies. For instance, one can mention the Unification Church. The followers of this cult were also supposed to accept the decisions of the leader without any doubt or criticism. However, the movement established by Jim Jones can be distinguished among others because it led to disastrous consequences. These are the main aspects that can be distinguished.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples’ Temple specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overall, these examples show that Peoples’ Temple emerged due to social, religious, and cultural trends that were prominent in the seventies. The main issue is that many people became dissatisfied with the lack of their social, political or economic empowerment. They turned to religion in order to find consolation and escape injustice. This is the main factor that shaped their behavior. In t urn, Jim Jones alleged that he could create a different type of community. The main problem is that individuals like Jim Jones strive for power and domination, but they cannot accept the idea that other people may want to think critically. Moreover, they are ready to sacrifice the lives of others, if they see that their authority is at risk. This is why such individuals are dangerous. Yet, they can achieve their objectives only at the time, when many people feel that they are marginalized by the society. This essay on Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples’ Temple was written and submitted by user M1racle to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.