Balanced Budget Amendment - Pros and Cons in Budgeting

Adjusted Budget Amendment - Pros and Cons in Budgeting The fair spending revision is a proposition presented in Congress pretty much like clockwork, without progress, that would restrict the central governments spending to close to it produces in income from charges in any financial year. While pretty much every state is forbid from running shortages, government administrators have never gottenâ a adjusted spending revision to the U.S. Constitution marked by the president, and the administration keeps on running shortfalls in the several billions and trillions of dollars each year.â One of the achievements in the cutting edge banter over the decent spending revision came in 1995, when the House of Representatives drove by Speaker Newt Gingrich passed enactment that would have prohibited the government from running shortages as a component of the Republican Partys Contract With America. It really has been, I think, a noteworthy second for the nation. We stayed faithful to our commitment. We buckled down. We created a genuine change, Gingrich said at that point. Be that as it may, the triumph was brief, and the fair spending correction supported by Gingrich and monetary moderates who had been cleared into influence was defeatedâ in the Senate by two votes. A similar fight has been pursued for a considerable length of time and the idea is frequently raised during congressional and presidential crusades on the grounds that the thought of keep a decent financial plan is well known among voters, especially traditionalist Republicans.â What Is the Balanced Budget Amendment? Most years, the government goes through more cash than it takes in through expenses. That’s why there is a spending deficiency. The administration obtains the extra cash it needs. That’s why the nationalâ debt is close $20 trillion. The fair spending revision would restrict the government from spending more than it takes in every year except if Congress explicitly approves the extra spending through a three-fifths or 66% vote. It would require the president to present a decent spending plan every year. Furthermore, it would permit Congress to postpone the fair spending necessity when there is an affirmation of war. Revising the Constitution is more confounded than basically passing a law. Passing a change to the Constitution requires a 66% vote in each House. It isn't submitted to the President for his mark. Rather, three-fourths of the state assemblies must favor it to be added to the Constitution. The main other approach to change the Constitution is to meet a Constitutional Convention in line with 66% of the states. The show strategy has never been utilized to change the Constitution. Contentions for the Balanced Budget Amendment Promoters of a fair spending change sayâ the national government goes through an excessive amount of consistently. They state that Congress has been not able to control spending without a restriction and that, if spending isn't controlled, our economy will endure and our way of life will drop. The government will keep on acquiring until speculators no longer will buy bonds. The central government will default and our economy will fall. On the off chance that Congress is required to adjust the financial plan, it would make sense of what projects are inefficient and would go through cash all the more shrewdly, advocates state. â€Å"It’s basic math: The national government ought not be going through more citizen cash that it brings in,† said Republican U.S. Sen. Grassley of Iowa, a long-lasting supporter of a reasonable financial plan amendment. â€Å"Almost each state has embraced some type of a fair spending prerequisite, and it’s past time that the national government follows suit.† Republican U.S. Sen. Mike Lee of Utah, a cosponsor with Grassley on a decent spending change, included: Hardworking Americans have been compelled to hold up under the weight of Congress’ failure and reluctance to control government overspending. As our administrative obligation keeps on increasing at a disturbing rate, the least we can do is require the government to not go through more cash than it has at its disposal.† Contentions Against a Balanced Budget Amendment Those contradicted to a protected alteration state that it is excessively oversimplified. Indeed, even with the revision, adjusting the spending should be done every year by enactment. This would expect Congress to arrange countless bits of enactment †twelve assignment charges, charge enactment, and any supplemental apportionments to give some examples of them. To adjust the spending at this moment, Congress would need to dispense with numerous projects. Also, when there is a financial downturn, the measure of charges the national government takes in generally drops. Burning through frequently should be expanded during those occasions or the economy can deteriorate. Under the decent spending alteration, Congress would be not able to build the required spending. This isn't an issue for states since they don’t control monetary arrangement, yet Congress needs the capacity to invigorate the economy. By requiring a decent financial plan each year, regardless of the condition of the economy, such an alteration would raise genuine dangers of tipping powerless economies into downturn and making downturns longer and more profound, causing exceptionally enormous occupation misfortunes. That’s on the grounds that the alteration would compel policymakers to cut spending, raise charges, or both exactly when the economy is feeble or in downturn - the specific inverse of what great monetary strategy would prompt, composed Richard Kogan of the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Standpoint Changing the Constitution is an uncommon and overwhelming errand. It requires some investment to receive a change. The House may pass the sacred change, however the viewpoint is significantly more questionable in the Senate. On the off chance that it goes there, it despite everything should be approved by three-fourths of the states. As a result of the authentic restriction to a decent spending alteration among certain business analysts and policymakers, Congress is probably not going to embrace the awkward procedure of considering the change excepting a critical obligation emergency.

Malcolm X, A Civil Rights Leader In The 1960s Believed That Blacks And Essay Example For Students

Malcolm X, A Civil Rights Leader In The 1960s Believed That Blacks And Essay Malcolm X, a social equality pioneer during the 1960s accepted that blacks and whites ought to be isolated. He likewise believedthat white man was malicious and were attempting to program all blacks and that Martin Luther Kings peaceful protestswerent working and that savagery was required for change. Malcolm Xs life was an existence with a great deal of contention and brutality in it. Malcolm X was brought into the world under the name of MalcolmLittle in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. His dad was a baptist serve and a straightforward devotee of Marcus Garvey,the dark patriot pioneer of the 1920s who lectured that all blacks should leave the US and return to Africa. While Malcolms father was away and Malcolms mother was pregnant with Malcolm, a gathering of KKK memberscame to their home and told Mrs. Little to convey her better half. She came out of the house and stood where all theKKK could see that she was pregnant and disclosed to them that Mr. Little was in Milwaukee lecturing. The KKK,disappointed, yelled dangers and instructed them to leave town. After this they broke each window in the Littles homeand left. At the point when Mr. Little got back home and heard what occurred, he chose to move as soon a Malcolm was conceived toLansing, Michigan. Here was the place Malcolms father kicked the bucket on account of the Black Legion (X 4-!13). After Malcolms fathers demise, his mom who needed to deal with eight kids and suffer dangers from theKKK, endured a mental meltdown. Accordingly, Malcolm and his kin were taken by the government assistance office. Malcolm was later taken a crack at a change school and did very well review savvy. He was the best understudy in his group andwanted to turn into a legal counselor. At the point when the school heads found out about this, they sent an individual to converse with Malcolm. Thisperson told and persuaded Malcolm that he was dark and that he would never turn into a legal counselor as a result of it. As aresult, he dropped out of after the eighth grade and moved to Boston, Massachusetts where he maintained severaldifferent sources of income. Before long, Malcolm became related in a posse and sold and utilized medications, and was engaged with numerous othercriminal exercises. His posse vocation finished when he fell into some difficulty because of a wager with the group chief. Sincethe group needed Malcolm murdered, Malcolm stowed away for some time. Before long, Malcolm decid!ed to burglarize a house which he heard had a ton of assets in it. Before long one night, he looted the house, yet was caughtlater. Malcolm was accused of robbery and sent to jail for a limit of eight years of which he served six. This was a defining moment in Malcolms life. While in jail, Malcolm instructed himself and got intrigued by theteachings of Elijah Muhammad. Malcolm invested his energy in prison teaching himself and getting familiar with theNation of Islam (later known as the Black Muslims). Their conviction, which was in opposition to Martin Luther King Jr.s,mainly to was to isolated whites and blacks. The Nation of Islam needed to set up a different Afro-Americanhomeland in the U.S. furthermore, accepted that the white individual is the Devil who needed to oppress all non-whites. TheNation of Islam likewise carefully followed the Islamic conviction. When Malcolm was discharged from jail after in 1952, he joined a sanctuary in Detroit, and took the name Malcolm X. He took the name X since his current last name was the last name of the slave driver who liberated their slave andsince the slave didnt know who their precursors were, and in this manner didnt know their genuine last name, they regularly tookup the last name of their lord. Numerous Muslims kept the name X in light of the fact that in math, X is spoken to as anunknown variable like their genuine last name. An individual was to keep the name X until God himself gave them a holyname(Encarta 2). .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422 , .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422 .postImageUrl , .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422 , .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422:hover , .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422:visited , .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422:active { border:0!important; } .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422:active , .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422:hover { haziness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ue16bccb53b78 b4d8682e23d803675422 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ue16bccb53b78b4d8682e23d803675422:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Make Tobacco Illegal and Legalize Marijuana EssaySoon after his discharge from prison, Malcolm worked for his most established sibling who dealt with a furniture store. Whileworking, he additionally gave numerous discourses, and went fishing(fishing is the point at which somebody stands apart on a walkway andhand out handouts and clarified about their thoughts of the Nation of Islam.) for new individuals for the Nation ofIslam. He did this until he turned into an official representative for them. After formally being excepted, Malcolmrapidly turned into a remarkable figure in the Nation of Islam. By the mid 1960s, the Nation of Islam had gotten notable and Malcolm was their most prominentspokesperson. Malcolm gave numerous talks and had devoted his life to serve Elijah Muhammad and God. Due to the Nation of Islam notoriety, TV columnists were currently inquisitive about it. To speak to theNation of Islam, Elijah Muhammad picked Malcolm X. For the following barely any years, Malcolm X was a significant and widelypublicized figure. This had its great and awful side. It was acceptable on the grounds that it spread the thoughts of the Nation of Islam allacross the WORLD, yet additionally put Malcolm X in a clumsy situation since he got a great deal of exposure. Since ofall the consideration he got, a large number of the country of Islams individuals got desirous. Thus, they badmouthedmalcolm X despite his good faith for a long time to Elijah Muhammad. They expressed numerous things, as Malcolm was gettingtoo much cash from the Nation of Islam, when infact all he got from them was a house and vehicle for twelve years!of administration. Something else they said was that Malcolm was attempting to assume control over the Nation of Islam and that he wastaking credit for the things Mr. Muhammad truly did. This was definitely not reality on the grounds that Malcolm alwaysmentioned As Elijah Muhammad educates in everybody of his discourses. He additionally revered and would have diedfor Elijah Muhammad on the off chance that he needed to. Through the span of the following scarcely any months, Malcolms eyes were at last opened tothe happenings despite his good faith because of a progression of occasions. These occasions in the end prompted his split away from theNation of Islam. Subsequent to splitting endlessly, Malcolm reported that he was making another association (Organization ofAfro-American Unity (OAAU)) that didnt have the exacting and unforgiving standards and strict forfeits as the Nation ofIslam, and which was likewise going to be increasingly dynamic. Not long after reporting this, he discovered that he had a great deal ofsupport as well. The making the Organization of Afro-American Unity likewise drove the Natio!n of Islam mad, in light of the fact that Malcolm X took a huge piece of their supporters. Therefore, they furtively andinternally requested him killed. For the following hardly any months, Malcolm and his family were pestered by threateningphone calls. His home was even burned to the ground. At that point at long last on February 21, 1965, while tending to an OAAU rally inNew York City, Malcolm was shot to death. Malcolm Xs couldn't help contradicting Martin Luther Kings convictions in light of the fact that Malcolm needed change now while Mr. Ruler sawthat change required some serious energy. Malcolm couldn't help contradicting Mr. Lord was on the grounds that he didnt accept the quiet protestsworked. Malcolm accepted that brutality was the main path through which change would happen. Finally,Malcolm couldn't help contradicting Mr. Ruler in the way that Malcolm needed to isolate blacks and whites and make aseparate place for the blacks to live in while Mr. Lord needed to end isolation and have blacks and whites livepeacefully. My assessments toward Malcolm Xs convictions are that I can't help contradicting a large portion of what he said. I accept that what he taughtwas instructing disdain. I additionally accept that he set the social liberties development back in light of the fact that he un-did everything Mr. .ub366b066585b30356fc759686ba82c19 , .ub366b066585b30356fc759686ba82c19 .postImageUrl , .ub366b066585b30356fc759686ba82c19 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ub366b066585b30356fc759686ba82c19 , .ub366b066585b30356fc759686ba82c19:hover , .ub366b066585b30356fc759686ba82c19:visited , .ub366b066585b

Coping With Existential Anxiety

Coping With Existential Anxiety GAD Coping Print Coping With Existential Anxiety How to Find Meaning in Life By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 28, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on July 28, 2019 The Image Bank / Getty Images More in GAD Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment In This Article Table of Contents Expand Existential Anxiety Existentialists' View Existential vs. Neurotic The Point to Living Overcoming Existential Anxiety View All Back To Top Existential anxiety refers to feelings of unease about meaning, choice, and freedom in life. While anxiety is a basic theme of life and reflects the experience of fear or being threatened, this is usually considered to be in the context of a physical or situational threat.   For example, you might have a fear of flying or public speaking anxiety. In contrast, existential anxiety reflects a deeper type of angst that makes coping with it a more complex endeavor. Understanding Existential Anxiety Whether referred to as existential angst, despair, or anxiety, the concept is the same: the idea is that life is inherently pointless. That our existence has no meaning because there are limits or boundaries on it, namely, that we all must die someday. Existential anxiety tends to arise during transitions and reflects difficulty adapting, often related to losing safety and security.?? For example, a college student moving away from home or an adult going through a difficult divorce might feel as though the foundation on which their life was built is crumbling. This can lead to questioning the meaning of your existence. Existentialism emphasizes that we are all free to make choices in life, and with this  freedom to make choices comes responsibility. However, given the ultimate fate of death, your actions can appear meaningless when viewed in relation to the bigger picture of your life. In this way, freedom leads to despair, and the responsibility of this freedom causes anxiety. No matter what choice we make, it does not change the fact that our time on this earth is limited. How Existentialists View Anxiety Existentialists view anxiety in a different way than psychiatrists and psychologists. Rather than perceiving anxiety to be a problem that must be resolved, they view it as an inevitable part of life that everyone will experience, and something that is positive and that can teach us important lessons about life. They view the ultimate concerns of life as  death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness. These concerns are thought to cause feelings of dread and angst because we can never be sure that our choices are the right ones, and once a choice is made, the alternative has to be rejected. How often have you struggled with a decision and feared it was the wrong one? That fear of making the wrong choice reflects angst about freedom related to existential concerns. Existentialists believe that we have this anxiety or angst because there is no right path and no guide to tell us what to do. In essence, each of us must make meaning in our own lives. If this responsibility feels too great, we may retreat into ways of behaving that shield us from this feeling of anxiety.?? Existential vs. Neurotic Anxiety Anxiety in common sense is a problem to be fixed. Psychotherapy and medication are used to treat anxiety disorders such as panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) lists criteria or symptoms that group anxiety into different categories.?? In contrast, existentialists view existential anxiety as a normal consequence of human existence, and neurotic anxiety as an avoidance behavior. In other words, if youre worried about the plane crashing or everyone in the audience of your speech laughing at you, then youve successfully distracted yourself from worrying about whether your life has meaning or what will happen after you die. Clearly, these are two different definitions of anxiety that are not totally incompatible. However, existential anxiety described in this way feels almost more similar to depression than anxietyâ€"perhaps why the terms angst and despair are often used interchangeably with anxiety in this context. In 1844, Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard wrote: whoever has learnt to be anxious in the  right way, has learnt the ultimate. This expresses the idea that existential anxiety goes beyond fear about day-to-day troubles. While doctors deal with the medical model and neurotic anxiety, those coming from an existential or phenomenological (experienced-based) approach think of anxiety as necessary. In this way, existential anxiety is considered a journey, an awareness, a necessary experience, and a complex phenomenon. It arises from awareness of your own freedoms and how life will end for you one day. The Point to Living If you struggle with existential anxiety, you might be asking, What is the point to living? As you move through transitions in your life and lose the security of a familiar context and structure, you might question the point of life, if in the end, the result is that you die. Why go through the motions? Various existential writers have considered this question. Journalist and novelist Albert Camus argued that the only way out is to embrace the absurdity of the situation and to rise above it, even if it is only within the context of your own life. In other words, if you are going to be a person in this world, then you need to make a choice to make meaning in your own life, whatever form that takes. If youre going to be around for 80-odd years, make it worthwhile. Camus also argued that the ability to have passion for what could otherwise be considered a meaningless life reflects an appreciation for life itself. If you can stop trying to live for the end, or the goal, and start living for the act of being itself, then your life becomes about living it fully, choosing integrity, and being passionate. This sounds not surprisingly like the foundation of mindfulness meditation in the medical model of anxiety.?? Overcoming Existential Anxiety Given that existential anxiety is related to an awareness of the ultimate boundaries in life, which are death and chance, anxiety of this type can be seen as unavoidable rather than pathological. Because of this, each of us must find a way to live with this anxiety rather than eliminate it. Or so the existentialists argue. There are both helpful and unhelpful ways of responding to this type of existential crisis. One is the choice not to live at all or to give up on life. A second is to become so absorbed in daily distractions that you dont live an authentic life. This is said to leave no room for existential anxiety, but also no room for an authentic life. Its a maladaptive coping or avoidance strategy, in essence. How many people do you know who go through life with eyes wide shut, never looking at the big picture? The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups of 2020 If youve been living your life in this way, avoiding thinking about the ultimate limit, and then something happensâ€"a brush with death or the death of a loved oneâ€"how do you respond? According to the existentialists, this may serve as an awakening in terms of your attitude toward life. This event might move you toward authenticity, which will necessarily also bring anxiety with it. You might have thoughts about the fleetingness of your existence and how you are living it. When you stop taking for granted that you will wake up each day alive, you might experience anxiety, but at the same time deeper meaning.?? You might notice that all the day-to-day mundane problems that bothered you so much no longer seem to matter, and all the thoughts and fears and anxiety about the mundane fall away, because you are faced with a much bigger problem. At the end of your life, will any of this matter? Will it matter what career you chose, how much money you had, or what car you drove? All of these changes may lead to more courageous and authentic ways of responding to this existential crisis. Can you let this anxiety motivate you and guide you toward a more authentic life? What can this anxiety teach you about your relatedness to the world? Pull out a notebook and jot down your thoughts on these last two questions. Its in the answers to these questions that you will find how to cope with existential anxiety. A Word From Verywell While there is no specific treatment for dealing with existential anxiety, there are treatments that can be helpful. For example, CBT and medication can help address anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues that may accompany existential anxiety.?? Also, talking to a professional can be very helpful in reducing existential anxiety. If you find yourself grappling with existential angst, whether due to a transition or life-changing event, self-care approaches that focus on finding meaning may also be helpful.

Coping With Existential Anxiety

Coping With Existential Anxiety GAD Coping Print Coping With Existential Anxiety How to Find Meaning in Life By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 28, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on July 28, 2019 The Image Bank / Getty Images More in GAD Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment In This Article Table of Contents Expand Existential Anxiety Existentialists' View Existential vs. Neurotic The Point to Living Overcoming Existential Anxiety View All Back To Top Existential anxiety refers to feelings of unease about meaning, choice, and freedom in life. While anxiety is a basic theme of life and reflects the experience of fear or being threatened, this is usually considered to be in the context of a physical or situational threat.   For example, you might have a fear of flying or public speaking anxiety. In contrast, existential anxiety reflects a deeper type of angst that makes coping with it a more complex endeavor. Understanding Existential Anxiety Whether referred to as existential angst, despair, or anxiety, the concept is the same: the idea is that life is inherently pointless. That our existence has no meaning because there are limits or boundaries on it, namely, that we all must die someday. Existential anxiety tends to arise during transitions and reflects difficulty adapting, often related to losing safety and security.?? For example, a college student moving away from home or an adult going through a difficult divorce might feel as though the foundation on which their life was built is crumbling. This can lead to questioning the meaning of your existence. Existentialism emphasizes that we are all free to make choices in life, and with this  freedom to make choices comes responsibility. However, given the ultimate fate of death, your actions can appear meaningless when viewed in relation to the bigger picture of your life. In this way, freedom leads to despair, and the responsibility of this freedom causes anxiety. No matter what choice we make, it does not change the fact that our time on this earth is limited. How Existentialists View Anxiety Existentialists view anxiety in a different way than psychiatrists and psychologists. Rather than perceiving anxiety to be a problem that must be resolved, they view it as an inevitable part of life that everyone will experience, and something that is positive and that can teach us important lessons about life. They view the ultimate concerns of life as  death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness. These concerns are thought to cause feelings of dread and angst because we can never be sure that our choices are the right ones, and once a choice is made, the alternative has to be rejected. How often have you struggled with a decision and feared it was the wrong one? That fear of making the wrong choice reflects angst about freedom related to existential concerns. Existentialists believe that we have this anxiety or angst because there is no right path and no guide to tell us what to do. In essence, each of us must make meaning in our own lives. If this responsibility feels too great, we may retreat into ways of behaving that shield us from this feeling of anxiety.?? Existential vs. Neurotic Anxiety Anxiety in common sense is a problem to be fixed. Psychotherapy and medication are used to treat anxiety disorders such as panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) lists criteria or symptoms that group anxiety into different categories.?? In contrast, existentialists view existential anxiety as a normal consequence of human existence, and neurotic anxiety as an avoidance behavior. In other words, if youre worried about the plane crashing or everyone in the audience of your speech laughing at you, then youve successfully distracted yourself from worrying about whether your life has meaning or what will happen after you die. Clearly, these are two different definitions of anxiety that are not totally incompatible. However, existential anxiety described in this way feels almost more similar to depression than anxietyâ€"perhaps why the terms angst and despair are often used interchangeably with anxiety in this context. In 1844, Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard wrote: whoever has learnt to be anxious in the  right way, has learnt the ultimate. This expresses the idea that existential anxiety goes beyond fear about day-to-day troubles. While doctors deal with the medical model and neurotic anxiety, those coming from an existential or phenomenological (experienced-based) approach think of anxiety as necessary. In this way, existential anxiety is considered a journey, an awareness, a necessary experience, and a complex phenomenon. It arises from awareness of your own freedoms and how life will end for you one day. The Point to Living If you struggle with existential anxiety, you might be asking, What is the point to living? As you move through transitions in your life and lose the security of a familiar context and structure, you might question the point of life, if in the end, the result is that you die. Why go through the motions? Various existential writers have considered this question. Journalist and novelist Albert Camus argued that the only way out is to embrace the absurdity of the situation and to rise above it, even if it is only within the context of your own life. In other words, if you are going to be a person in this world, then you need to make a choice to make meaning in your own life, whatever form that takes. If youre going to be around for 80-odd years, make it worthwhile. Camus also argued that the ability to have passion for what could otherwise be considered a meaningless life reflects an appreciation for life itself. If you can stop trying to live for the end, or the goal, and start living for the act of being itself, then your life becomes about living it fully, choosing integrity, and being passionate. This sounds not surprisingly like the foundation of mindfulness meditation in the medical model of anxiety.?? Overcoming Existential Anxiety Given that existential anxiety is related to an awareness of the ultimate boundaries in life, which are death and chance, anxiety of this type can be seen as unavoidable rather than pathological. Because of this, each of us must find a way to live with this anxiety rather than eliminate it. Or so the existentialists argue. There are both helpful and unhelpful ways of responding to this type of existential crisis. One is the choice not to live at all or to give up on life. A second is to become so absorbed in daily distractions that you dont live an authentic life. This is said to leave no room for existential anxiety, but also no room for an authentic life. Its a maladaptive coping or avoidance strategy, in essence. How many people do you know who go through life with eyes wide shut, never looking at the big picture? The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups of 2020 If youve been living your life in this way, avoiding thinking about the ultimate limit, and then something happensâ€"a brush with death or the death of a loved oneâ€"how do you respond? According to the existentialists, this may serve as an awakening in terms of your attitude toward life. This event might move you toward authenticity, which will necessarily also bring anxiety with it. You might have thoughts about the fleetingness of your existence and how you are living it. When you stop taking for granted that you will wake up each day alive, you might experience anxiety, but at the same time deeper meaning.?? You might notice that all the day-to-day mundane problems that bothered you so much no longer seem to matter, and all the thoughts and fears and anxiety about the mundane fall away, because you are faced with a much bigger problem. At the end of your life, will any of this matter? Will it matter what career you chose, how much money you had, or what car you drove? All of these changes may lead to more courageous and authentic ways of responding to this existential crisis. Can you let this anxiety motivate you and guide you toward a more authentic life? What can this anxiety teach you about your relatedness to the world? Pull out a notebook and jot down your thoughts on these last two questions. Its in the answers to these questions that you will find how to cope with existential anxiety. A Word From Verywell While there is no specific treatment for dealing with existential anxiety, there are treatments that can be helpful. For example, CBT and medication can help address anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues that may accompany existential anxiety.?? Also, talking to a professional can be very helpful in reducing existential anxiety. If you find yourself grappling with existential angst, whether due to a transition or life-changing event, self-care approaches that focus on finding meaning may also be helpful.

My Goals And Strengths And Weaknesses - 981 Words

Brooke Point High School has been my second home for the past three years and a half. There, I have completed three Honors English classes, and I’m currently in a Dual Enrollment course. In those three years and a half, I have witnessed my writing skills develop and improve remarkably over time, as well as my academic growth as a writer. Like every other writer, I have both strengths and weaknesses. I rarely experience difficulty when it comes to grammar, putting my thoughts onto paper, and researching. However, deciding what to write about and writing analytical papers are some of my weaknesses I have yet to overcome. Throughout my years in school, I have managed to figure out my strengths and weaknesses, and continue to work to improve both. Since starting high school, I have found myself having less trouble with grammar, organizing my thoughts onto paper, finishing the papers assigned to me on time, and researching. Although I once struggled greatly with grammar, I don†™t see it as a problem anymore. The more I proofread and review the papers I write, the less grammatical errors I find. Despite it taking me a while to figure out how and what I want write about for certain papers and topics, I have always found it easy to put my thoughts onto paper. Once I know what I want to write about, the thoughts come pouring in and I find myself writing abundantly. Even though it takes me some time to figure it out at first, I still manage to turn in my papers on time. AnotherShow MoreRelatedMy Career Goals, Strengths, Weaknesses, And Weaknesses1003 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped for the sole purpose to explore my personal experiences in BSB124 Working in Business and particularly my interpersonal effectiveness. In order for me to achieve my career goal in Human Resource Management, understanding interpersonal aspects will have a positive affect on me within the workplace (Gregorio, 2012). Within this portfolio, I will examine my own intrapersonal strength s and weaknesses regarding these competencies likely to help me in my general pursuit for professional successRead MorePersonal Strengths and Weaknesses Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Strengths and Weaknesses I believe that life is a learning experience and being able to recognize our own strengths and weaknesses can help us become better individuals in anything we choose to do, whether it is positive abilities and skills that can help achieve our goals or negative personal areas that need improvement. Knowing yourself and what you can do, can help you recognize and overcome your weaknesses. One of my greatest strengths at work that I have recognized would haveRead More My Personal Strengths and Weaknesses Essay792 Words   |  4 Pageslearning experience and being able to recognize our own strengths and weaknesses can help us become better individuals in anything we choose to do, whether it is positive abilities and skills that can help achieve our goals or negative personal areas that need improvement. Knowing yourself and what you can do, can help you recognize and overcome your weaknesses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of my greatest strengths at work that I have recognized would have to be my ability to be a well-organized individual. I tend toRead MoreEssay about SWOT Analysis 1672 Words   |  7 Pagesidentifying our personal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to our plans and goals. According to a â€Å"Fuel My Motivation† article (2010), this analysis considers internal influences that can positively or negatively affect our ability to achieve our goals. The internal factors are our strengths and weaknesses. Also considered are opportunities and threats, which are external influences that can have a positive or negative impact on the ability to achieve our goals. I will share how theRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of Reading Essay958 Words   |  4 PagesMy Path A persons strength was always his weakness. When it comes to reading and writing, I have many strengths and weaknesses. My past writing and reading experiences have made me into the writer/reader that I today. Strengths help me excel in my read/write, but the weaknesses do bring me in a stump at times. When writing an essay, you can have a very high vocabulary, but not have the best of grammar. The good thing about weaknesses is that they can be worked on to be made into a strength. ManyRead MoreReflective Action Plan Essay examples1681 Words   |  7 Pagesbut requires learning to be efficiently executed. The result should be an effective practise to reach my goal. This is done by the inclusion of an Action Plan, which will assist in reaching my goal and narrow my focus and drive to achieve that goal. To enable me to create an Action Plan, I first need to list particulars of thing needed to do to accomplish my goal. This is done by identifying my objectives and prioritising them, s etting objectives which are achievable and identifying the steps neededRead MoreJft2 Task 21452 Words   |  6 Pages A1. Utah Symphony Strengths and Weaknesses When picking out the strengths and weaknesses of symphony there isn ¿t a list to which you can refer. Rather, you will want to read the case study carefully and to use your insight to discover indications of strengths and weaknesses in the data provided in the case. Be sure to cite examples and to address all four required areas including: financial strengths/financial weaknesses amp; leadership strengths/leadership weaknesses of the symphony. The keyRead MoreAnalysis of Strengths and Weaknesses1022 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Reflection Essay Introduction With the long-term goal of becoming a transformational leader, it is often useful to consider ones strengths and weak nesses across four dimensions. These include personal and professional accountability, career planning, personal journey disciplines and reflect practice reference behaviors and tenets. The intent of this analysis is to evaluate my strengths and weaknesses in each of these four areas. In addition, a discussion will be completed on how current leadershipRead MoreReflection Paper In Nursing1032 Words   |  5 Pagessemester regarding my strengths, and weaknesses. Concentrating on areas of my professional practice that need improvement and discussing two goals I have created for my self, and how I plan on achieving them. This semester I have discovered I have two key strengths those being a dedication to the practical nursing program, and seeking help in the program when I need it. This trait is hopefully carrying through as a strength in my nursing career. However, I h ave many weaknesses to work on as a studentRead MoreStrengths and Weaknesses898 Words   |  4 PagesThe objective of this paper is to show you the personal strengths and weakness that I identified by asking friends and family their opinion on the topic regarding yours truly, and by examining myself for areas that I am really good at (also known as strengths) and areas I need to improve (otherwise known as weaknesses). After I have identified them, I will tell you how recognizing my strengths and weakness can help me to improve myself to achieve a more peaceful and satisfying personal life.

Human Resource Management Essay - 1735 Words

1. Ch 1, page 60-61, question 4: What is â€Å"evidence based HR†? Why might an HR department resist becoming evidenced based? The concept of evidence based HR is using specific tools (key performance indicators) to help clarify course of action, identify errors or omissions, and align HR to corporate strategy. It is a decision-making process combining critical thinking with use of the best available scientific evidence and business information (Rousseau Barends 2011). It forces HR professionals to measure their efficiency and effectiveness quantitatively. In addition, it presents a clearer way to share information with colleagues in a systematic way. One tool that is used is Critical Path Analysis, which helps illustrate the minimum time†¦show more content†¦Due to the greater encouragement, it reduces employee turnover and increases efficiency. This causes the company to be able to fulfill their goals and objectives that have been both created and managed through the strategic management process. 3. Ch 3, page 147-148, question 3: Many companies have dress codes that require men to wear suits and women to wear dresses. Is this discriminatory according to disparate treatment theory? Why? The process of establishing if an action/policy is discriminatory can be very challenging. However, a number of theories seek to differentiate actions that constitute discrimination and those that do not. Disparate treatment Theory is amongst the most commonly used theories that have been used to ascertain whether an act or policy amounts to discrimination or not. The theory argues that one is subject to discrimination if they are treated less favorably than others are in similar situations (Bent, 2011). Many companies have dress codes that require men to wear suits and women to wear dresses. This has raised a debate on whether such policies are discriminatory or not. Based on the Disparate Treatment Theory, such a policy cannot be considered as discriminatory. Men and women cannot be on the same platform in that they both dress differently. Even if people from both sexes were allowed toShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1140 Words   |  5 Pagesa business efficiently? Human Resource Management (HRM). Human Resources is the solid foundation that practically oversees the entire organization, whether its managing employees to surveilling the progress of every single department. There are six principle functions that Human Resource take into account: employee relations, recruitment, compliance, compensation and benefits, training and development, and safety (policies/regulations). Over time Human Resource Management has taken a new role intoRead More Human Resources Management And Human Resource Management2123 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The study of human resource management becomes a major topic of the science of management at the beginning of 20th century and keeps attracting researchers’ attention (Merkle, 1980). The new models of human resource management derive from the advance of management theories and the accumulation of practices and experiences. With the development of global economy, the economic situation of each country deeply affects the world and becomes closely connected. In addition, the needs of customersRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1138 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Resources Management Hilti continues to grasp on success and expand globally, but their path weren’t always well defined. The company began in 1941 and historically they’ve kept to traditional strategies when it came to recognizing human resource requirements. In the early 2000’s, the company established a new set initiatives, aimed at doubling revenue and operating profits. Hilti also recognized that this type of growth would require invigorating ideas to employ human resourcing requirementsRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Human Resources Management941 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources Management is one of the most important aspects of any organization, whether it be non-profit, not for profit, or profit. Human Resources Management is what makes it possible for a manager to be able to focus on their work and tasks at hand and not have to deal with lots of unneeded interpersonal activities. They are in charge of correctly evaluating the candidates that the managers will have to work with for the duration of the candidate’s stay. They are responsible for makingRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management835 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management â€Å"They humanize the brand and help workforce communities thrive† (Who). A human resource management position may be the job for you. Every business and enterprise has a human resource manager, including Starbucks, Disney and even Apple. This job includes planning and coordination, organization, consulting employees and to oversee the work and employees. All the schooling and stress that comes along with this occupation pays off in the end with an enjoyable job. HumanRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1398 Words   |  6 Pages Human Resource Management Overview Tanya Phillips Dr. Andrea Scott, PhD HSA 320, Strayer University October 31, 2016 Human Resources Management Overview Human resources (HR) is the different kinds of clinical and nonclinical responsibilities for public and individual health involvement. 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Valuable decisions such as whom to recruit, what package to offer, the training necessary for the new recruits and how to assess employee performance directly affects the employee motivation and as such do affect the ability of the employee to provide products which the consumersRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management95 8 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management Overview As we all know when it comes to every business and organization that is out there, they all need help from Human Resources to continue to help the company grow. What is human resource management? Well Human Resource Management is the overall process that deals with how Human Resources manages their employees as well as different issues that can come across within the organization. Human Resource Management are in charge of different tasks including recruiting asRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management820 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources Management Proper Planning is one of the most important aspects of human resource management. Without proper execution of plans, the particular needs of an organization that are the responsibility of human resources will not be reached, and therefore, will fall short of what is necessary for meeting the goals of an organization (DeCenzo, Robbins Verhulst 2013).There are many facets a human resource manager must be familiar with in order to run an organization. The functions of humanRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Human Resources Management1264 Words   |  6 Pagesand research with my family, I decided to go into human resource management, specifically in a hospital. Many people questioned and often said â€Å"Why human resource management?† My answer, I chose human resource managers because I believe they are a vital part of a hospitals success. They make the plans, they direct the staff and they coordinate how people work together and where they need to be. Throughout this paper , I will describe human resource managers- what they do, what are the requirements

What You Must Know About Ross Short Essay Samples

What You Must Know About Ross Short Essay Samples Life After Ross Short Essay Samples Maybe K.J. Wright ought to be permitted to bat the ball from the end zone. Think a lot what you want Ross to know about you when you pick the questions to reply. Ross loved this specific topic. He also changed the Essay to focus on short-term goals and your reasons for those goals. The New Fuss About Ross Short Essay Samples Short essays are important when one is hoping to present an important topic without needing to compose lots of words or using several pages. They are still take the form of formal essay because the parts need to be included in it. Personal essays can at times include things like personal information which you would not like to share. Of all Of the varieties of essay, writing a quick essay may appear to be the easiest. Which is the reason we have supplied you some informative essay samples that can assist you with your own. Today, there are several on-line websites that provide sample papers. Tons of examples are found on twitter. A number of the first couple of examples are likely quite simple to interpret. Gossip, Deception and Ross Short Essay Samples The ideal thing you could do is to let yourself feel the grief as it comes over you. There is additionally an important time periods which for grieving person is more inclined to be tough to coop with. The question tells you what they would like to know. It is pretty straightforward. It is not difficult to get support as soon as the endeavor is very clear and known. If you're eager to find out more about digital marketing and the way you can construct a really effective digital advertising strategy for your organization, check outThe Simple Guide to Digital Strategy in 2016. To work at digital marketing, you'll want a strategy. Your di gital advertising and marketing strategy might incorporate elements of all 3 channels, all working together to assist you achieve your objective. The idea here is to accumulate a picture of what earned media will help you achieve your targets, and what won't, dependent on historic data. Clearly the world isn't perfect. If your owned and earned media is extremely successful, you might not have to invest in paid. Want to Know More About Ross Short Essay Samples? Clearly the caliber of the outcomes of searching depends significantly on posing the most suitable queries. They were much closer to what I was looking for in terms of language. Arber provided maps and in addition to concrete explanations. If you are in need of a website that will supply you with an all-inclusive collection of samples, then you're at the appropriate place. There's, clearly, a limit on the variety of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. It was not so long ago that climate change was not a thing in any way. With a bit of practice and revision, you ought to be able to receive the procedure down in virtually no time. On the contrary, it's more helpful to check at them as guides in the grieving process it can help you understand and set into context where you're. What Ross Short Essay Samples Is - and What it Is Not Summer doesn't last the year. School is extremely important to me because without school it would be tricky to earn a living. School affects your entire life because in the event that you don't secure great grades you might currently be in a position to acquire a superior job your entire life. Up in Arms About Ross Short Essay Samples? If you're looking for a quick college application essay help, you 're at the appropriate spot. Thus, there are lots of ways an essay can be written. A powerful way of checking your essay is sufficiently particular to the school is the Name Plug-in Test. Though there are systematic ways on composing your very own informative essay, it can be challenging to do. Don't forget to begin your essay strongit should have the capacity to spark the interests of your readers. Writing is quite a strong tool. You don't need to possess the ideal writing skills to be able to be creative and compose an effective essay. It isn't only about the topic a student chooses to write on, but instead, how they write about doing it.

Impact of Brand Equity on Consumer Behavior †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Brand Equity on Consumer Behavior. Answer: Introduction: Brand equity is defined as the commercial value that derives from consumer perceptions about the brand name of a particular product or service. The concept of brand equity does not rely on the product or service itself, rather than doing this, brand equity focuses on the brand image and consumer perception about the product or services (Freling Forbes, 2013). The marketing industry is greatly influenced by the concept of brand equity which decides the success and failure of the business deals their future development perspectives. The brand name can easily generate revenues from the simple brand recognition. The products having higher brand value earn more revenues rather than a product having great quality without a bradn name. Brand equity refers to the value of brands. In contrast with these facts, bradn equity is studied from two distinct perspectives, such as Cognitive Psychology and Information Economics (Godey et al., 2016). In accordance with the definition of Cognitive Psychology, the brand equity depends on the awareness of consumers in case of brand features and offerings of the brands. Whereas, Information Economics states that brand names are itself a signal for signifying the quality of product. Consumer Behavior Consumer behavior is defined as the study of individual and groups who are using, selecting and disposing the products, services and ideas for satisfying their needs and demands. Consumer behavior has important relation with the marketing trends and concepts. Marketers understand the consumer behavior while doing some surveys about their products and making their policies popular within the market (Goh et al., 2013). The marketing professionals get trained for understanding the needs and functional demands of consumers within various segments of markets. Marketing professionals changes their strategic moves and development process of strategies according to the variations of demands of consumers. These strategies guide them to declare some products as obsolete and as a result of this fact, some new products and services are introduced within the market place with respect to the consumer demands. Impact of Brand Equity on Consumer Behavior According to Chovanova, Korshunov and Babcanova (2015), In between the year of 2009 and 2014, the complex research on brand management was conducted within Slovak republic at the Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology. This survey revealed that the 52. 2% males, 47.8% females and more than 18 years old Slovak inhabitants are attracted towards the brand value and their responses are towards the organizations those are having high amount of bradn value for their products and services. The consumer behavior changes the entire production of any organization and also it mandates the functional strategies that are taken by the organizations for managing their brand concerns within their competitive target market. These decisional aspects maximize the market share with respect to the organizational objectives and consumer demands from their market premises (Huang Sarigll, 2014). The consumer based brand equity is come up with significant development in the field of knowledge based and strategic branding of products and service within any organization. The following figure shows the impactful decisions of different authors about consumer based brand equity. According to Rehman (2016), due to increased competencies within the sector of mobile phone manufacturing business there is one question that is getting raised in the contemporary time is that is brand equity is motivating this business or purchasing behavior of individual?. In contrast with various evidences about this fact, this aspect is highlighted that brand equity is entirely influencing the development of consumer behavior with respect to various functional areas of involvements within the competitive market. The above figure is showing significant process of managing brand value and brand management within the technical sound industry where phone manufacturing processes are prioritized with respect to consumer demands and functional aspects. There is various significant resources information that is made available within the web or journal articles. The above figures and functional aspects are showing the impacts and behavioral analysis of the consumer behavior for identifying their responses over the target markets. In accordance with the findings and analysis of the research topic, following are the concerned hypothesis identified for this research process: H1: Brand Equity of Apple is impacting on the consumer behavior H0: Brand Equity of Apple is not impacting on the consumer behavior The entire research process is based on the secondary data collection about the impact of brand equity on consumer behavior of organizations. In contrast with this fact, the consumer behavior has been studied within this report with respect to various functional aspects involved within organizational behavior and functionalities involved within their target market (Brodie et al., 2013). In contrast with these facts, the research process is arranged with respect to critical literature review based on the definitions of bradn equity and consumer behavior. The literature review is linking the research objective with the general concepts of consumer behavior and brand equity involved within any organization (al Adams, 2014). The crucial objective of this report is to analyze the crucial factors of brand equity that are impacting on the consumer behavior of Apple. In contrast with this fact, the general description about brand equity and consumer behavior discussed in the segment of lite rature is helpful to the researcher in finding and collecting raw data that shows impact of Apples brand equity on their consumer behavior. Methodology used by this research This project report is focusing on the qualitative methods as there are various secondary resources which are being used within this research topic for understanding the impact of brand equity within the consumer behavior. The brand equity of Apple is greatly impacting on their consumer behavior with respect to the standards of products and quality of services (Freling Forbes, 2013). This report is describing the process analyzing the impact of brand equity on consumer behavior of Apple. The finding and analysis shows the collection of data sets that supports the objectives of the research process. This research has considered the impact of brand equity on consumer behavior of Apple. In order to convey these aspects and funding, various research papers, journals and annual report of Apple are studied in order to collect data from those resources. The aim of this research is to make an analysis on the impact of Apples brand equity on the consumer behaviors in purchasing the products of Apple. Various secondary sources of information are used for conveying this research that is readily available within websites (Chovanova, Korshunov and Babcanova 2015). These data are viewed as the raw data involved within research process for supporting the research objectives and aims. Some of the resources that are reviewed in this research are Apple Inc. website, annual report, Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) report etc. In addition to this, previous research papers that are published on Apples consumer buying behavior and brand equity are used within this research process for collecting data. The Annual report of Apple is helpful in identifying the growth of revenues of Apple. According to Apple Press Info published in the site of Apple Inc. in the year of 2015, Apple was announced their financial results for its fiscal 2015 fourth quarter ended sin September 26, 2015. The company earned revenue of $51.5 billion in that year. The net profit from this was 11.1 billion dollar (Titcomb, 2015). The above figure shows the net growth of iPhone from 2011 to 2015. This reveals that in the year of 2011 Apple had growth revenue about $108.2 billion and profit $25.9 billion, in 2012 revenue was $156.5 billion and profit was 41.7 (Titcomb, 2015). In accordance with all of these data this growth of revenues and profit got higher values in the year of 2015, revenues- $233.7 billion and profit- $53.4 billion. All of these figures are showing the growth consequences about Apple that reveals high demands for the Apple products among their consumers. iPhone is one of the most popular products of Apple that is gaining high revenues in comparison with other smart phones available within the market. The above figure is showing the sales growth of iPhone in between the year of 2011 to 2015. In the year of 2011, the sales for iPhone were 16.2 million (Titcomb, 2015). This amount of sales got increased in the year of 2015 and it was 74.5 million. These raw data reveals that the demands for Apple phones and products are getting increased in the contemporary times with respect to the demands of consumers. The consumers are getting attracted towards Apple as they are finding interesting offers and functionalities among Apple Products. There are various consequences that need to be managed with respect to branding of company images. In contrast with this fact, Apple is one of the worlds leading organizations that manufacture phone and other electronic devices for grabbing customer attention. There are three objectives that are considered as building block of this research process. These research objectives are linked with specific sections that are covered within this research project. The analysis for finding the purpose of brand equity within organizations are elaborated within the literature review section for managing different developmental aspects and functional areas of development within different organizations (Freling Forbes, 2013). Apple has also followed some specific set of strategies and functional steps that are elaborated from general perspectives of phone manufacturers within competitive market. Identification of branding strategies are covered within the third section of the literature review which states that the branding strategies can motivate the user interests and gain functional advantages from significant areas of markets. The emotional branding strategies of Apple are motivating the consumer behavior with respect to their changing behaviors and functional demands of individuals (Godey et al., 2016). Apple always prioritizes the demands significant development of user interests and they provides effective innovations for make the users motivated with respect to their new developments. Linking to objective To understand the purpose of building brand equity This aspect is analyzed in the first part of the literature review that states which is defining the brand equity concepts with respect to marketing and organizational trends. In contrast with these facts, the literature review is elaborating purpose of building brand equity within organizations for managing organizational development as well as for managing customer satisfaction. The section Brand Equity is mainly answering this segment of objective. Linking to objective To identify branding strategies that is followed by Apple in order to create brand equity among consumers The identification of branding strategies that are followed by Apple for creating brand equity among consumers is identified in the section of Consumer Behavior and Impact of Impact of Brand Equity of Phone Manufacturers on Consumer Behavior which is generalizing impact of strategies that are included within the phone manufacturing industry. Therefore, this aspect can be easily related to Apple as they also focus on their strategy selection of attracting consumers. Linking to objective To analyze how brand equity of Apple influences consumers buying behavior This objective can be linked with the section of Impact of Brand Equity of Phone Manufacturers on Consumer Behavior. This aspect can be considered as the impactful area that needs to be considered by Apple as they needs to study the consumer behavior with respect to various functional aspects of consumer behavior. According to the findings from different resources such as Apple Inc websites and different journal papers, this is highlighted that the brand equity of Apple is impacting on the consumer behavior of their products. Different collected data sets and functional analysis on those data highlights the impactful situation on the consumer behavior of Apple.r This hypothesis is considered as the null hypothesis and according to the data collection and findings from the research it is highlighted that the consumer behavior is changing due to the impactful brand equity of Apple. Conclusion This research is showing all the elaboration about different research questions that are considered within this research process. The contexts are elaborated as follows: Fist research question is elaborating about the purpose of creating brand equity. According to the findings from this research process, this is identified as that Apple has increased their revenues by 51 million in the year of 2014. Therefore, this figure shows that Apples consumer behavior changes accordingly with the concept of brand equity. The second research question states about the strategies used by Apple that improves their bradn equity among their customers. This aspect is analyzed that Apple uses consumer friendly branding strategy that manages their consumer behaviors. The third research question is elaborating about the process that Apple follows for managing consumer experiences. This aspect is managed with respect to the different figures that are highlighted in the data analysis part of this research. In the year of 2015, total 74.5 billion iPhones has been sold that shows the attractive consumer behavior towards their products. This can be concluded that this research paper is consists of mainly two parts of project contexts and project proposals. Project context is nothing but the elaboration about my project profession as one marketing professional. Apart from this part of the assignment, the project proposal is elaborating about impact of brand equity on consumers buying behavior: an analysis of Apple. These second part is mainly focused within this project report. The literature review of this assignment is dependent on the secondary resources and the concerned data from secondary resources are critically analyzed within this report. The research is only trying to analyze the impact of brand equity on the consumer behavior of Apple. However, there are various other aspects such as brand quality, brand pricing and other important related to brand values that also need to be studied. Apple should focus on network connectivity of their sales and revenues growths. The organizations should utilize their brand image in order to innovate new things among consumers. The strong innovations process can only be successful if significant threats to Apples business are minimized. References Brodie, R. J., Ilic, A., Juric, B., Hollebeek, L. (2013). Consumer engagement in a virtual brand community: An exploratory analysis.Journal of Business Research,66(1), 105-114. al, B., Adams, R. (2014). The Effect of Hedonistic and Utilitarian Consumer Behavior on Brand Equity: TurkeyUK Comparison on Coca Cola.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,150, 475-484. Chovanova H.H., Korshunov I. A. and Babcanova D., (2015). Impact of Brand on Consumer Behavior. Ac.els-cdn.com. Retrieved 16 May 2017, from https://ac.els-cdn.com/S2212567115016767/1-s2.0-S2212567115016767-main.pdf?_tid=1639e7b4-3a2d-11e7-a36c-00000aacb35dacdnat=1494935277_122ff55ff32068a7c8d217fa5d72a24c Department of Employment. (2012). Advertising and marketing professions (Source: ABS LFS, Department of Employment trend data to November 2015). Retrieved from https://joboutlook.gov.au/occupation.aspx?search=alphatab=statscluster=code=2251graph=EG. Freling, T. H., Forbes, L. P. (2013). An empirical analysis of the brand personality effect.Journal of Product Brand Management. Godey, B., Manthiou, A., Pederzoli, D., Rokka, J., Aiello, G., Donvito, R., Singh, R. (2016). Social media marketing efforts of luxury brands: Influence on brand equity and consumer behavior.Journal of Business Research,69(12), 5833-5841. Godey, B., Manthiou, A., Pederzoli, D., Rokka, J., Aiello, G., Donvito, R., Singh, R. (2016). Social media marketing efforts of luxury brands: Influence on brand equity and consumer behavior.Journal of Business Research,69(12), 5833-5841. Goh, K. Y., Heng, C. S., Lin, Z. (2013). Social media brand community and consumer behavior: Quantifying the relative impact of user-and marketer-generated content.Information Systems Research,24(1), 88-107. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Huang, Z. J., Cai, L. A. (2015). Modeling consumer-based brand equity for multinational hotel brandsWhen hosts become guests.Tourism Management,46, 431-443. IDG Communications. (2017). Marketing professionals prove hot property in Australian jobs market. Retrieved from: https://www.cmo.com.au/article/579697/marketing-professionals-prove-hot-property-australian-jobs-market/ Keller, K. L. (2016). Reflections on customer-based brand equity: perspectives, progress, and priorities.AMS review,6(1-2), 1-16. Rehman, M. (2016). The Effect of Brand Equity of Mobile Phones on Customer Satisfaction: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. American Journal of Business and Society, 1(1), 1-7. Solomon, M. R. (2014).Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Statista. (2016). Apple's revenue worldwide from 2004 to 2016* (in billion U.S. dollars). Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/265125/total-net-sales-of-apple-since-2004/ Yi Zang., (2017).The Impact of Brand Image on Consumer Behavior: A Literature ReviewFile.scirp.org. Retrieved 16 May 2017, from https://file.scirp.org/pdf/OJBM_2015011615441425.pdf Titcomb, J. (2015).Apple reports biggest annual profit in history with net income of $53.4bn.Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 18 May 2017, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/11959016/Apple-reports-biggest-annual-profit-in-history.html

6 Things to Consider when Applying to Study in the U.S.

6 Things to Consider when Applying to Study in the U.S. 6 Things to Consider when Applying to Study in the U.S. The U.S. is the most popular destination for international students in the entire world. And why not? As well as a great higher education system, the U.S. is the home of freedom, equality and competitive eating (and we’re proud of all of them, for better or worse). God bless America! [Photo: Seattle Municipal Archives/wikimedia] But competition to study in the U.S. is high, so if you’re planning to apply, there are some things you’ll need to know about first. 1. Setting a Schedule Applying to study in the U.S. can be a lengthy process, so it’s vital to set aside time accordingly. It can help to create a timeline for each step in the application process, from initial research into courses right through to making travel arrangements for when you start your studies. 2. Admission Tests Most U.S. colleges use standardized admission tests, so you’ll need to check which tests are favored by the institution at which you’re planning to study. Common tests required for undergraduate students include the SAT, the TOEFL English proficiency test, and the American College Test (ACT). Make sure to prepare for the exam properly, too! 3. Soft Factors As well as test scores and academic qualifications, most American colleges look at â€Å"soft factors† when assessing an application. These include extracurricular activities, letters of recommendation, application essays and other relevant experience you might have. 4. The Common Application The Common Application (or Common App for short) is a standardized, online application used by more than 600 colleges. Using this can make the application process much simpler. 5. Finance Many U.S. colleges operate on a â€Å"need-aware† basis for international students. This is unlike the â€Å"need-blind† approach used for U.S. citizens (wherein a college will not consider ability to pay as part of an application and may offer financial aid to successful applicants). As an international student, you’ll need to check whether your college uses a â€Å"need-aware† or â€Å"need-blind† approach for applications. You may find the application process is quicker if you’re able to pay tuition fees yourself, without needing financial aid. Its funny how piles of cash can make things simpler. 6. Get In Touch! When picking a college, it’s a good idea to get in touch with their international student advisor to ask about the application process (every college is a little different). They should also be able to answer any questions you have about the institution at which they work.

buy custom Approach to Care of Cancer essay

buy custom Approach to Care of Cancer essay Introduction Cancer refers to an uncontrollable or unregulated growth of abnormal body cells, also known as malignant cells, in the body. The term cancer often used to refer to a group of different diseases that result from such cell growth, and their classification is usually based on the initially affected cell. Common types of cancer include carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, leukemia and adenomas (McCance, Huether Brashers, 2009). Causes of Cancer The major causes of cancer include carcinogens from radiations and tobacco, hereditary genes from family members, damages or mutations of DNA cells and other socio-physiological factors such as old age, health status, for instances, contraction of hepatitis B or C and HIV viruses. Physiological Effects of Cancer Usually, cancer becomes harmful to the body as the damaged cells continue to divide and regroup to form masses of tissues known as tumors, for instance, leukemia cancer that blocks the blood hence interfering with circulatory functions. Similarly, growth of tumors may affect the digestive and nervous systems. Sometimes cancer releases hormones that alter the normal functioning of the body. Diagnosis and Staging of Cancer For effective diagnosis and treatment of cancer, it should be detected at it early stages. This would help reduce chances of further growth, more complications and difficult encounters in treatment. During diagnosis, physicians often use information on signs and symptoms and other medical procedures to diagnose cancer. Ultrasound scans, X-rays, CT and MRI scans are common imaging techniques used in detecting, identifying and allocating the position of cancer in the body and the respective affected organ (Moscow Cowan, 2007). Sometimes, doctors perform endoscopy to search for abnormalities within the body. Diagnosis also involves extraction of cancer cells for microscopic examinaton, a process called biopsy. In addition, examination and analysis of blood sugar levels, body fats, proteins and DNA are carried out. Certain types of cancers, such as prostate cancer, can be easily detected through blood test due to its secretion of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) into the bloodstream. Acc ording to Copstead and Banasik, molecular diagnosis, biopsies and imaging techniques are all required for effective diagnosis of cancer (Copstead Banasik, 2010). After diagnosis, the physician determines the extent to which the cancer has spread and establishes its development stage. This stage will dictate the type of treatment to be offered (Porth, 2010). The most common method of staging cancer is the use of TNM system. In this system, the extent and size of a primary tumor is indicated by T with numerical values between 1and 4. The degree to which cancer has spread is indicated by N with figures ranging from 0 to 3 whereas the extent of infection of body organs by cancer is represented by M which is assigned either 0 or 1. For example, a chronic lung cancer can be staged as (T4, N3, M1) (Fitzgibbon Loeser, 2010). Usually, cancers at initially stage will be assigned lower value indicate that they have less spread while chronic cancers will be assigned higher values during staging to indicate their severity. Treatment of Cancer Cancer treatment will depend on four main factors; type and stage, personal characteristics such as age and health status. Usually, cancer treatment combines any of the following forms; surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy and gene therapy (Yarbro, Wujcik Gobel, 2010). Side Effects of Cancer Treatments Different patients encounter different side effects after receiving cancer medications. The most common effects, however, include destruction of normal, healthy body tissues and cells by radiation beams and surgery. Patients sometimes suffer from skin irritation after radiation, excessive bleeding duuring operation, extreme pain, loss of appetite, tiredness and body weakness (Walter, 2004). Chemotherapy damages body proteins/DNA hence loss of hair, sore mouths, nausea, vomiting and fatigue. Some women have reported loss of fertility and alteration of the menstrual cycle pattern after chemotherapies. Replaced of cancer cells through gene therapy may not be successful and hence lead to permanent damage to body cells. Moreover, hormone therapy can lead to impotence in men, rapid weight gain, vomiting, and loss of fertility and interrupted monthly periods in female (Walter, 2004). Cancer treatments can also lead to emotional disturbances and psychological problems such as increased stress, grief of pain and loneliness. Complications of Cancer Complications of cancer vary depending on the stage of the tumor and health status of the individual. Some of the most common complications include psychological and emotional complications such as change in moods (mood disorders), for example, extreme depression and melancholy, grief and sorrow. Physical complications of cancer majorly concern pain which can be caused either by the damaged tissues and injury to other body organs. Physiological complication may include spread of the cancerous cells to other body parts and organs, a process called metastasis (Porth, 2010). Other complications of cancer are erectile dysfunction in men, vaginal dryness in women, swelling of lymph nodes and increased levels of calcium in the blood among others. Methods of Lessening Physical and Psychological Effects of Cancer Psychological effects can be reduced by psychotherapy, family support and closure, and administration of anti-depressant drugs. Physical effects, especially pain, can be dealt with through the use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as morphine (Walter, 2004). Patients should also undergo adjuvant therapies and post-treatment remedies for cancer to reduce its physical and psychological complications. Buy custom Approach to Care of Cancer essay

Criminal Behavior and the Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Criminal Behavior and the Law - Assignment Example Crime is a disgraced act or violation of a public law. Today, the crime rate in almost every country has reached its heights and not a single individual can be fully safe from any specific criminal act. Implementation of crime prevention strategies plays a significant role in reducing the crime rate effectively. The role of criminologists, criminalists, and forensic psychologists is very important in dealing with crimes. In the United States of America, different types of crimes occur which are reported by the Uniform Crime Reporting. Some of the major types of crimes reported by UCR include forcible rapes, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, and vehicle theft. In this paper, the focus will be on white-collar crimes, blue-collar crimes, index-one crimes, and index-two crimes measured by Uniform Crime Reports of the FBI. In the broad context, all criminologists, criminalists, and forensic psychologists work for the same purpose, which is, reduction or prevention of crimes. However, there are big differences in the working of these professionals. Studying all three fields related to the field of criminal justice, it can be said that the professionals of all three fields work together to deal with crimes. Criminologists deal more with the study of criminal behaviors and analysis of different crime prevention techniques as compared than actually participating in crime prevention. They provide proper solutions and assessments to government agencies, law enforcement agencies, correctional systems, and police officials. They also provide academic services in colleges and universities. According to Rothe and Friedrichs (2006), criminology deals with the identification of the causes of crimes and their prevention measures from sociology perspective. The field of criminalists, on the other hand, is related more closely to the field of forensic science. Criminalists

Recruitment Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recruitment Plan - Assignment Example Date opened: Division: Department: Job Group: Contact Information: Hiring Manager: Others involved: (i) In reviewing resumes (ii) In the interview and selection Salary Gauge: Reason for Job Opening: Expansion of the company leading to opening of a production in the UK. Anticipated start date for this position: 2.2 Performance Profile Describing criteria with which to advertise, source, assess and interview. What will each candidate need to become successful These "must haves" are then converted into actions; measurable objectives. Look at the available resources, facilities and the group dynamics. Determine traits and abilities of the best people new on the job. Compare the best people already in the job and select traits that predict success. Outline additional "must haves". Includes related work experience. Industry/work setting: Educational post-graduate or certifications required. 2.3 Strategy for Diverse Recruitment Using the underutilization data focusing on the underutilized groups like Hispanics, Asian, American Indians, females or African Americans. Recruitment sources 2.3.1 In-house systems This has its own advantages and disadvantages (Buhler & D.B.A. 2002). Advantages include the fact that it costs less, it involves employees who are already familiar with the organization and its culture, it helps retain company secrets, improves employee morale and also it has a better success rate because employee track record is known. Its disadvantages include the fact that it creates a ripple effect as more job openings develop, it may lead to stagnation as no new thinking is injected into the organization and also creates negative internal competition. 2.3.2 Professional organizations and Associations 2.3.3 Target companies or...In the long run, this leads to serious frustrations. Use of a thorough recruitment process with the sophistication of the recruitment process being commensurate to the complexity of the job. As a minimum, the interview process should comprise atleast two interviews, an appropriate psychometric assessment and a thorough reference check. Use of a thorough interview, which should be highly structured and based on, proved methodologies. It's aimed at revealing levels of competency on the key areas, appropriate experience, the personality strengths, weaknesses and integrity. This has its own advantages and disadvantages (Buhler & D.B.A. 2002). Advantages include the fact that it costs less, it involves employees who are already familiar with the organization and its culture, it helps retain company secrets, improves employee morale and also it has a better success rate because employee track record is known. Its disadvantages include the fact that it creates a ripple effect as more job openings develop, it may lead to stagnation as no new thinking is injected into the organization and also creates negative internal competition. While advertising we will aim at creating interest in the post. As noted by Arue, Neil and Olga (2005), the more details given a job advert the more the more highly an organization is likely to be regarded and the more interest it will create.

Pressure Distribution around Circular Cylinder Lab Report

Pressure Distribution around Circular Cylinder Lab Report The aims of the investigation is to measure the pressure distribution on the surface of a smooth cylinder placed with its axis perpendicular to the flow and to compare it with the distribution predicted for frictionless flow, and to calculate the drag coefficient of the cylinder. In the investigation being carried out, a cylinder in a closed circuit wind tunnel will be experimented upon to gather the pressure distribution acting on it at different speeds. When the cylinder is standing vertically to the incoming flow in a wind-tunnel, two experiments will be carried out for the same cylinder, one with smooth (laminar) flow and the other with turbulent flow. The experimental pressure distribution obtained from each experiment will be compared with the theoretical distribution predicted for frictionless flow. The drag coefficient for the cylinder will be calculated together with the tunnel calibration constant for both tests. The smooth cylinder has got 12 pressure tappings at angular intervals of 30 ° on its surface; it is also placed with its axis vertical on a turntable on the floor. These tappings are connected to multi-tube (methylated spirits) manometer, which is inclined at an angle of 30 ° to the horizontal. The multi-tube manometer has got a total of 34 tubes, out of which the first 12 are directly connected to the pressure tappings on the cylinder, so that tube 1 is connected to pressure tapping 1 and so on. Pressure tapping 1 is facing the oncoming flow when the angular position indicator is set at 0 °. Since pressure tapping 1 is connected to tube 1 in the multi-tube manometer, the head pressure shown on tube 1 will represent the stagnation pressure. Tube 34 in the multi-tube manometer is connected to the upstream part of the wind-tunnel. The Betz manometer is used to change the incoming flow velocity at the upstream section. Since both the Betz manometer and tube 34 (in the multi-tube m anometer) are connected to the upstream section, both will show the same equivalent reading for pressure but in different units. Background theory: Laminar flow is defined when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between the layers. In comparison to this Turbulent flow has a much more disorganized pattern, it is characterized by mixing of the fluid by eddies of varying size within the flow. The Reynolds number (Re), gives the measure for laminar and turbulent flows. Laminar flow takes place when Reynolds number is lower than 104, and for Turbulent flow the Re must be greater than 3ÃÆ'-105. Reynolds number has got no units since it is just a ratio. There are many diverse types of equations for deriving the Reynolds number of an actual shape. Fig. A shows the different types of flow patterns at various angles. The appropriate equation for the cylinders Reynolds number can be acquired from: Re = [eq. 1] Where: d = Diameter of cylinder V蠁 ¾ = Velocity of fluid upstream v = Kinematic viscosity of air (1.46ÃÆ'-10-5 m2s-1) From the equation both values of d and v stay constant for both experiments, therefore the change in Reynolds number depends directly on the upstream velocity of the wind-tunnel. From the Bernoullis equation the relationship between fluid pressure and velocity can be established [eq.2] Where: P = pressure of the fluid Z = Height à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ²air = air density à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ² = The density of the fluid G = Gravity V= the velocity of the fluid The height in remains constant therefore the flow in the wind tunnel has an equation. [eq.3] By dividing both sides with à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ² and taking measurements from the point where the flow of velocity stops, (the stagnation point where V2 = 0). This is for the reason that at the stagnation point on the surface of the tube that is perpendicular to the flow to it, therefore the dynamic pressure is given by: [eq. 4] The pressure is measured using the manometer, and then therefore the pressure at the tapping must be the same as the pressure head at à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ²gH. Then the stagnation head and static head measured on the multi-tube manometer Inclined at a specific angle are given by: [eq.5] [eq.6] So when using these two equations the pressure differences found using them become. [eq.7] The dynamic pressure upstream of the cylinder is gained from: [eq.8] In the equation above k = the tunnel calibration constant. The pressure change across the wind tunnel contraction is measured using two different instruments; the Betz manometer and the Multi-tube manometer (tube no. 34). In an ideal system where there are no losses in energy. In procedures with energy losses, the ratio value is below 1. The relation is known as the tunnel calibration constant (k). is the pressure variation across the contraction as displayed by the reading on the Betz micro-manometer. The tunnel calibration constant can be attained directly from: [eq.9] Differences between the pressure at angles from the front of the stagnation point and the free steam pressure Pà ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ µ is gained from the following equation: [eq.10] hà ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬   is a reading on tube 1 when pressure tapping number 1 is at an angle from the front of the stagnation point. Therefore the pressure coefficient at an angle can be defined: [eq.11] To find the pressure coefficient based on frictionless flow by using: [eq.12] The equation above is applied when plotting a graph, of variation of cÃŽÂ ¦ vs. ÃŽÂ ¦, by replacing values of angles into the equation above and then finding out the subsequent values for pressure coefficient (cÃŽÂ ¦). The consequent graph drawn from the derived equation will only correspond to a theoretical relationship, where the flow is believed to be frictionless. In the illustration below, the pressure in the wake region is less than pressure upstream; this causes drag, mainly due to flow separation behind the body. The streamline pattern and the pressure distribution are not balanced and a wake of slow-moving air is produced behind the cylinder. Fig. B shows flow separation taking place behind the cylinder The drag force, due to the pressure forces on the cylinder can be derived from: [eq.13] As the term integrates to zero, the drag coefficient can be simplified to: [eq.14] Apparatus The cylinder being experimented on is placed in the wind tunnel. The part that will be under testing will be of size of 1.000m X 0.760m. The wind tunnel will have a contraction ratio of 5.6 To connect the pressure tappings from upstream and downstream of the tunnel contraction to a Betz micro-manometer (mmH2O). The velocity of air in the test section is to be fluctuated by adjusting the fan speeds on a controller. Thirdly a smooth circular cylinder with diameter 114.3 mm to be placed with its axis vertical, on a turntable on the ground of the test section area. It can be seen in the cylinder where halfway along there are pressure tappings at angular intervals of 30à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ° on its surface, near to the tappings are marked numbers from 1 to 12, these are connected to the upper ends of 1 to 12 tubes on a manometer. This manometer is to be a multi-tube methylated spirits manometer. The pressure upstream of the cylinder is sensed by a taping on the tunnel wall and is connected to one of the tubes. In this experiment to be tube number 34. The remaining tubes 13 to 33 are open to the atmosphere. The level of turbulence has to be changed, so in this test section it is small however to be increased by the insertion of a grid. This grid as an array of circular rods upstream of the test section. Lastly as the cylinder is to be placed on the turntable that is to be rotated. The angular position of pressure tapping number 1 is indicated on a digital counter in degrees and in tenths of degree. Method: To be able to do this experiment the cylinder to be already oriented so that the pressure from tapping 1 is facing the oncoming flow and the angular position indicator will have to be set at 0à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °. As we know that the pressure P1 tapping is the stagnation pressures and exceeds the pressure Infinity upstream of the cylinder by an amount. The experiment firstly to test laminar flow The laminar flow of the velocity of the wind tunnel will be increased gradually until the Betz manometer reads 15mH2O. For this velocity to remain constant adjustments are made. From the multi-tube manometer, to take readings of fluid heights to show a general idea of the pressure distribution. The fluid height to be noted from the tube which is connected to the tunnel wall upstream of the cylinder. To measure the fluid height in tube 1 is measured then the table is to be turned in intervals of 10 degrees, this is to be repeated for every 10 degrees until it has fully rotated around 360 degrees. The experiment is also to test in a turbulent flow To have a grid with an array of squares inserted in to the wind tunnel, where the air flow and the velocity increases until the Betz manometer reads 35mmH2O, as the air becomes turbulent. This whole procedure to be repeated. Fig. C shows the manometer tube readings at a zero angle for smooth flow. Fig. D shows the manometer tube readings at a zero angle for turbulent flow. The readings of the multi-tube manometer were taken before starting to rotate the cylinder (at zero angle). This preliminary data collected is presented visually to show the shape of the pressure distribution around the cylinder. Tube 33 is open to air; hence it shows the atmospheric pressure. And tube 34 as mentioned earlier, shows the head pressure of the upstream section of the wind-tunnel. Results Raw Results: The scale of the manometer used was in inch. Therefore, the results obtained have to be changed to metres. This is done as follows: 1 inch = 0.0254 metres The heights of the fluids have to be multiplied by 0.0254 to change to metres. Smooth flow: ÃŽÂ ± = 30 ° h蠁 ¾ = 11 inch = 11 x 0.0254 = 0.2794m Turbulent flow: ÃŽÂ ± = 30 ° h蠁 ¾ = 10.4 inch = 10.4 x 0.0254 = 0.26416m The pressure coefficient, cà Ã¢â‚¬ ¢, at an angle can be found by using eq 8. The calculations to find cà Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ will be the same for both laminar and turbulent flows. The only difference would be that the value of h蠁 ¾ would be different in each case. The value for h1 is the value obtained when the cylinder is at 0 °. The calculations to find the pressure coefficient for the laminar flow at ÃŽÂ ¦ = 0 ° is shown below: = 1 Calculated Results The following data shows values, which will be used to determine the pressure coefficient, this will be calculated using eq. 11. Smooth flow Transonic Flow Frictionless flow The values for the pressure coefficients will be the same for both laminar and turbulent flows since cà Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ only depends on the angle ÃŽÂ ¦. The pressure coefficient for a frictionless flow is found using eq. 12. Theoretical graph: The graph represents in a theoretical manner in which the experimental values should be able to compare to, whereby the air flowing in the graph, shows constant change at regular angle intervals. Also all peaks and troughs on the graph show relevant pressure coefficients. The graphs illustrate the pressure coefficient variation with changes in angle. The above graph shows the variation of cÃŽÂ ¦ vs. ÃŽÂ ¦ in laminar flow. This is then compared to the cÃŽÂ ¦ vs. ÃŽÂ ¦ in turbulent flow. Calculations to find the drag coefficient, CD: The value for the drag coefficient depends on the value of cÃŽÂ ¦ cosÃŽÂ ¦, this relation can also be noticed in eq. 14. Laminar flow Discussion: Throughout this experiment several factors were found out these include: The pressure distribution in the system Drag of the cylinder Drag coefficient Reynolds number Errors in the experiment which may have caused anomalies Looking at the graphs it can be seen that the pressure distribution in the system as in both lamina and turbulent flow also in parts off the graph it shows steady correlation, between angles 900 and 3100 in laminar flow. Angles 1300 and 2300 in turbulent flow. The drag on the cylinder in turbulent and lamina conditions show through the results and graphs shown. As there is more drag when there is turbulent flow than lamina, however this easy to understand as, in lamina flow the eddies produced have a small wake so therefore it does not have a large pressure so do not increase drag. From the graphs it can be seen that the pressure coefficient in lamina flow at 90à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ° is greater than the pressure coefficient at turbulent flow. However in the turbulent flow the motion reduce the pressure and so increases the drag. The drag coefficient can be found by looking at the results and graphs, which both show that it is less in turbulent flow as the separation point occurs after 90à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ° resulting in less eddies so less wake and therefore a high pressure with a end of low drag coefficient. Whereas in lamina flow it is greater than in turbulent. This may be due to the fact that the separation point occurs before 90à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °, this has a resulting effect of more eddies which induce wakes and low pressure, the end result of this is a high drag coefficient. Separation point is where the angle flows become steady. The separation point occurs when the velocity of the fluid is reducing, in which the pressure flows induce a positive pressure gradient. Then once the separation has passed the boundary layers bend over and flow in the opposite direction. The pressure remains constant after the separation point because eddies are transferred to another energy. The separation point at lamina flow is at 90à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ° than for turbulent which is after 90à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ° as the pressure gradient is greater in laminar flow, which means that the greater the pressure gradient the earlier the separation. The reason why Reynolds number is greater in turbulent flow than lamina , as the main reason for this is that less pressure and drag coffeicnet and more drag is acting on to the cylinder. Conclusion: In this experiment a cylinder was used to find laminar and turbulent flow around it, the main objective was to see if the drag and flow increased or decreased, this was achieved and so this was shown that they increased in turbulent conditions and decreased in laminar conditions. Also in a turbulent condition the separation will increase to 90 degrees and the Reynolds number also increases. Discussion Figure G H shows the head pressure distribution around the cylinder. As it can be seen from the laminar head pressure distribution (figure G), the pressure between tubes 3-11 (i.e. angle 90 ° up to 330 °) is approximately the same. This shows that the pressure is more or less the same around the cylinder (seen from top view), except from its front point facing the oncoming flow, where the pressure is equal to the stagnation pressure. In the case of turbulent flow (figure H), the head pressure distribution pattern is somewhat different. The head pressure values drop between tube no. 5 to 9, which is the rear part of the cylinder. This proofs that a low-pressure region exists at the rear of the cylinder in turbulent flow. This region of low-pressure is referring to the wake region. The pressure distribution is also clearly symmetrical about tubes 6 and 7, which proofs that the pressure distribution on one (horizontal) side of the cylinder is the similar to the one on the opposite side of the cylinder. The percentage error for the coefficient of drag (CD) value in experiment 1 was calculated to be around 2.5%. This is a relative small percentage error, which shows that the experimental errors involved in experiment 1 were not significant. However, the percentage error for the CD value in experiment 2 was a massive 56%, which clearly shows that the experimental errors involved in experiment 2 did play a significant role. The error due to parallax is one of those errors. The parallax error is human reading error, where the eye needs to be exactly in line with the reading to be measured. In both experiments, the multi-tube manometer was at an inconvenient position (on the floor). And furthermore the whole manometer system was slanting at an angle of 30 ° to the horizontal. Both of these factors made it difficult to get the eye level exactly in line with the reading to be measured from the multi-tube manometer. This might have caused inaccuracy in the readings. The trapezium rule was used to determine the area under the graph of cÃŽÂ ¦cosÃŽÂ ¦, which was used to calculate the coefficient of drag. Since the graph had regions of both negative and positive areas, the trapezium rule had to be applied separately for each section of the graph. The whole graph was divided into strips, each with a width of à Ã¢â€š ¬/18 (10 degrees in radians). When the graph of cÃŽÂ ¦cosÃŽÂ ¦ goes from a positive region into a negative one, the experimental data in some cases does not reach exactly zero before the data switches signs. This results in some minor areas of the graph being neglected. This would not significantly affect the total area found from the trapezium rule, since the areas neglected are relatively small. But since some areas of the graph are ignored, the total area found would not be the exact area under the graph. This will result in an error in the final values of the coefficient drag. The tunnel calibration constant for laminar flow (k1) was found to be 1.0959. Clearly this value cannot be accurate because the ratio of the two pressures must be equal to 1 or below, since both are representing the pressure across the same points. The unexpected high value for k1 must have been a result of experimental error. Since most terms are constant in the equation used to find k, the only factors that could have contributed to the error must have been the values of h蠁 ¾ h1, which were obtained from the multi-tube manometer. While taking the readings from the multi-tube manometer, the fluid (methylated spirit) in the tubes was fluctuating. Some of the fluctuations were as large as +/- 0.5 inch. For this reason, many of the readings obtained might have been greatly inaccurate, which eventually could have lead to a significant error in the final values for the coefficient of drag in both experiments, as well as the value of k for laminar flow. The tunnel calibration constant for turbulent flow (k2) was found to be 0.7632. This value clearly indicates that energy losses did take place since the value is well below 1. Energy losses may have occurred in 2 main forms; as heat and sound energy produced by friction and collisions of air molecules with especially the grid system at the upstream. Heat energy (and some sound energy) is also produced due to friction of the inner wall of the wind tunnel. The flowing air must do work to overcome this friction, and therefore some kinetic energy of the flowing air is lost as heat. To get turbulent flow, the flow rate was increased and a grid system was introduced. With the introduction of a grid system at the upstream in experiment 2, more collisions of air molecules took place, hence resulting in increased loudness of flow. This increase in loudness (due to the increase in collisions and friction) resulted in some kinetic energy of the flow being converted into heat and more noticeably sound energy, and therefore some of the initial kinetic energy of the flow was lost. Energy in form of heat is also lost due to formation of turbulent eddies. The formation of eddies takes place in turbulent flow. All these energy loss factors mentioned earlier might explain why the k-value for turbulent flow was less than the k-value of laminar flow. In figure I, three graphs were plotted for the variation of pressure coefficient with angle. Each of the graphs was representing data for a unique condition. In the case of the theoretical data graph (green coloured), which represents the condition of frictionless flow, shows that at zero angle the pressure is a maximum (stagnation pressure). Moreover at an angle of 180 ° (rear of cylinder), the pressure once again reaches a maximum value. This relationship clearly indicates that the pressure distribution pattern would have been exactly symmetrical around a vertical axis at the centre of the cylinder. However, in the case of both laminar and turbulent flow the lines if symmetry is not vertical but horizontal about the centre of the cylinder. By looking at the graphs, all graphs show a maximum pressure coefficient at an angle of zero (equivalent to 360 °), which shows that whatever flow condition is imposed a maximum pressure will still remain at the stagnation point, which is the point where the fluid is brought to a stop. For laminar flow, the pressure coefficient remains more or less constant after an angle of approximately 75 °. This point is referred as the angle of separation, where the flow starts to separate from the cylinders surface. This value of 75 ° is very close to the value of 82 ° given for angle of separation for laminar flow in figure E. In the case for turbulent flow, the pressure coefficient stays more or less constant after an angle of approximately 130 ° (i.e. angle of separation). Once again, even this value for angle of separation is very similar to the value of 120 ° given for turbulent flow in figure E. One of the main reasons why there is a difference in shape between the theoretical graph and the experimental graphs for pressure coefficient is due to the fact that the assumption of air being a frictionless flow is invalid, since air is a viscous fluid. Overall the characteristics of the pressure coefficient graphs can be said to be an accurate presentation of actual data, since the three pressure coefficient graphs (between angle 0 to 180 °) are highly identical in terms of both the shape and scale of the pressure coefficient graphs shown in figure E. Conclusion The value of tunnel calibration constant (k) for experiment 1 was found to be inaccurate (due to experimental errors) since the value is not expected to exceed 1. However, the value of k for experiment 1 shows that very negligible energy losses take place across the contraction of the wind tunnel under laminar flow. The value of k was significantly lower for experiment 2; this clearly shows that the energy losses that take place across the contraction of the wind tunnel are significant. The main reason for significant amount of energy losses is due to the introduction of a grid system at the upstream in experiment 2. The grid system dramatically increases the effects of friction to the oncoming flow. For this reason, some of the initial kinetic energy of the airflow is lost as heat and sound energy. The obtained graphs for variation of pressure coefficient with angle around the cylinder perimeter can be said to be fairly accurate, since both the shape and scale of them is extremely identical to the graphs representing the same data in figure D. For experiment 1 the coefficient of drag value had a percentage error of only 2.5%, which shows that the experimental errors did not have a significant impact on the final result. However, in the case of experiment 2, the percentage error for the coefficient of drag was a massive 56%, clearly the experimental error did significantly affect the final result in experiment 2. In future improvements, the percentage error of the CD value in experiment 2 could be further decreased by reducing experimental errors mentioned in the discussion section.